LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ICT

ICT- Information and Communication- 

• It deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile phones, telephone, Internet to locate, save, send and edit information 
•  Is a study of computers as data processing tools. It introduces students to the fundamental of using computer systems in an internet environment.

ICT in the Philippines

•            Philippines is dub as the ‘’ICT Hub of Asia” because of huge growth of ICT-related jobs, one of which is BPO, Business Process Outsourcing, or call centers.
•          ICT Department in the Philippines is responsible for the planning, development and promotion of the country’s information and communications technology (ICT) agenda in support of national development.

Computer- an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.

Internet- is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the internet protocol  suite (TCIP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide.

•          Means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and servers.
•      Sometimes called simply ‘’the Net’’, is a worldwide system of computer networks- a network of networks in which the users at any   one computer can get information from any other computer.

World Wide Web

•          An information system on the internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another. 
•          Is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
•          Invented by Tim-Berners Lee

Web Pages

• Web page is a hypertext document connected to the World Wide Web.   It is a document that is   suitable for the World Wide Web.

The different online platforms of World Wide Web:

1.       Web 1.0 – refers to the first stage in the World Wide Web, which was entirely made up of the Web pages connected by hyperlinks.

2.       Web 2.0 – is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic pages. The user is able to see a website differently than others.

  – Allows users to interact with the page; instead of just reading the page, the user may be able to comment or create user account.

3.       Web 3.0 –  this platform is all about semantic web.

   –  Aims to have machines (or servers) understand the user’s preferences to be able        to deliver web content.

Static Web Page- is known as a flat page or stationary age in the sense that the page is ‘’as is’’ and cannot be manipulated by the user. The content is also the same for all users that is referred to as Web 1.0

Dynamic Web Pages- web 2.0 is the evolution of web 1.0 by adding dynamic web pages. The user is able to see website differently than others e.g. social networking sites, wikis, video sharing sites.

FEATURES OF WEB 2.0

1.       Folksonomy- allows user to categorize and classify information using freely chosen keywords e.g. tagging by FB, Twitter, use tags that start with the sign #, referred to as hashtag.

2.       Rich User Experience – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input

3.       User Participation- The owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others are able to place a content of their own by means of comments, reviews and evaluation e.g. Lazada, Amazon.

4.       Long Tail- services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent in the internet.

5.       Software as a services- users will be subscribe to a software only when needed rather than purchasing them e.g. Google docs used to create and edit word processing and spread sheet.

6.       Mass Participation- diverse information sharing through universal web access. Web 2.0’s content is based on people from various cultures.

TRENDS IN ICT

1. Convergence- is the synergy of technological advancements to work on a similar goal or task. For example, besides using your personal computer to create word documents, you can now use your smartphone.

2. Social Media- is a website, application, or online channel that enables web users web users to create , co-create, discuss modify, and exchange user generated content.

Six types of Social Media:

a)      Social Networks - These are sites that allows you to connect with other people with the same interests or background. Once the user creates his/her account, he/she can set up a profile, add people, share content, etc

           Example: Facebook and Google+

b)      Bookmarking Sites - Sites that allow you to store and manage links to various website and resources. Most of the sites allow you to create a tag to others.
                               
      Ex. Stumble Upon, Pinterest

c)       Social News – Sites that allow users to post their own news items or links to other news sources. The users can also comment on the post and comments may also be rank.                        
                               
       Ex. Reddit and Digg

  d)      Media Sharing – sites that allow you to upload and share media content like images, music and  video.

                                    
         Ex. Flickr, YouTube and Instagram

  e)      Microblogging - focus on short updates from the user. Those that subscribed to the user will be able to receive these updates.

                                
      Ex. Twitter and Plurk

      f)       Blogs and Forums - allow user to post their content. Other               users are able to comment on the said topic.

            
Ex. Blogger, WordPress and Tumblr

                                     

                                    

 3. Mobile Technologies - The popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over the years. This is largely because of the devices capability to do the tasks that were originally found in PCs. Several of these devices are capable of using a high-speed internet. Today the latest model devices use 4G Networking (LTE), which is currently the fastest.

MOBILE OS

·         iOS - use in apple devices such as iPhone and iPad

·         Android - an open source OS developed by Google. Being open source means mobile phone companies use this OS for free.

·         Blackberry OS - use in blackberry devices

·         Windows phone OS - A closed source and proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft.

·         Symbian - the original smartphone OS. Used by Nokia devices

·         WebOS- originally used in smartphone; now in smart TVs.

·         Windows Mobile - developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs

4. Assistive Media -   is a non- profit service designed to help people who have visual and reading impairments. A database of audio recordings is used to read to the user.

CLOUD COMPUTING

5. Cloud computing- distributed computing on internet or delivery of computing service over the internet.

 e.g. Yahoo!, Gmail, Hotmail

  

-Instead of running an e-mail program on your computer, you log in to a Web

 e-mail account remotely. The software and storage for your account doesn’t exist

 on your computer – it’s on the service’s computer cloud.

It has three components

1.       Client computers   –   clients are the device that the end user interact with cloud.

2.       Distributed Servers – Often servers are in geographically different places, but server acts as if they are working next to each other.

3.     Datacenters – It is collection of servers where application is placed and is accessed via Internet.

TYPES OF CLOUDS

PUBLIC CLOUD allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general public. Public cloud may be less secured because of its openness, e.g. e-mail

PRIVATE CLOUD allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It offers increased security because of its private nature.

COMMUNITY CLOUD allows systems and services to be accessible by group of organizations.

HYBRID CLOUD is a mixture of public and private cloud. However, the critical activities are performed using private cloud while the non-critical activities are performed using public cloud.